1.Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.
2. He came up with a technic called “Psychoanalysis” According to this, he searched the sources of psychological problems in the problems of patients that they had suppressed and thrown to their subconscious. Freud tried to remediate his patients with a method called “psychotherapy” which is based upon uncovering the emotions in patients’ subconscious.
3.Oedipus Complex: Freud was believing the fact that every men had an unconscious desire to kill their fathers and to have sex with their mothers. This is called Oedipus Complex which was named after Oedipus in Greek Mythology who killed his father and married with his mother (he was unconscious in both situations).
4. Freud Slip-ups: One way to see the signals about unconscious desires is Slip-ups. Slip-ups reveal the desires that we are not aware of possessing them in ourselves. Many newsman had misspelled a word or a statement, by accident spoken racily. This has been repeated many times that it can’t be a coincidence.
5.Dreams and their reasons
According to Freud, dreams mean the royal road going through the unconscious. The thing that we meet in dreams are the symbols. They are the concepts that present in our subconscious but we are not aware of them.
Every dream represents the satisfaction of a desire which has settled in the subconscious.
6.Ego, Superego and Id
Id: Freud affirmed that id was the real spiritual energy/ presence. It is the basic condition of human. It comes in sight when a human being is born. ıd consists of eating, drinking, running away from pain, amoral urges, unacceptable sexual desires, wild inclinations,illogic wills.
Ego: Ego plays the role of a catalyzer between id and superego. That is the identity that we reflect to the society. By suppressing the id, trying to neutralize it with superego makes it appropriate for the society. Ego rises from the human necessities to provide suitable passages to the objective world. The main difference between id and ego is that id merely knows the subjective reality of the brain; ego distinguishes the reality and cognitive image.
Superego: Superego is the opposite of id. Shaped by society’s rules, it is the mask we wear. Superego is the ethical aspect of the person.A motion that tells us that we cannot do everything we want, as being a handbrake. The purpose is to make effort to reach perfection. It’s the last mask we earn.
8. Other Philosophers
- Descartes believes that brain was transparent to itself. He states that if you have a thought, you have to be aware of it. But after Freud, the possibility of unconscious cognitive activity was accepted.
** Karl Popper: The most of the thoughts about psychoanalysis is “unfalsifiable”. This is a criticism because the basis of a scientific experiment is that it can be tested.
9. Freud’s Other Works
The Interpretation of Dreams
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Introduction to Psychoanalysis
Civilization and Its Discontents
The Ego and the Id
Studies on Hysteria
All love.
B
All love.
B
Yorumlar
Yorum Gönder